The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) has broad authority to regulate public utilities within the state, including those involved in the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy. This authority is primarily derived from Delaware Code Title 26, Chapter 1, which establishes the PSC and outlines its powers and duties. Specifically, the PSC is tasked with ensuring that utility services are provided in a safe, reliable, and reasonably priced manner. This includes approving rates, setting service standards, and overseeing utility mergers and acquisitions. When considering the siting of new energy infrastructure, such as a proposed solar farm, the PSC’s role is to balance the public interest in reliable and affordable energy with environmental concerns and the impact on local communities. While other state agencies may have roles in environmental permitting or land use, the PSC’s ultimate decision on whether a project is in the public interest, which often involves a review of its necessity and economic viability, is paramount for a regulated utility seeking to construct such facilities. The Delaware Coastal Zone Act, administered by the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC), addresses coastal development and environmental protection, and while relevant, it does not supersede the PSC’s authority over the economic and service aspects of utility operations. The Delaware Economic Development Office focuses on business attraction and retention, not direct utility regulation. The Delaware Environmental Appeals Board hears appeals of environmental decisions made by DNREC, but again, this is distinct from the PSC’s core mandate concerning utility service provision. Therefore, the PSC’s approval is the most critical step for a regulated utility in Delaware to proceed with the construction of a new energy generation facility that will serve the public.

The Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Improvement Act, enacted in 2021, aims to accelerate the deployment of electric vehicle charging infrastructure across the state. A key component of this act involves the establishment of a grant program administered by the Delaware Department of Energy and Climate. This program is designed to provide financial assistance to entities developing public charging stations. The act specifically delineates eligibility criteria, funding mechanisms, and reporting requirements for recipients. It also addresses the integration of charging infrastructure with the existing electrical grid, emphasizing the need for grid-friendly charging solutions to manage potential impacts on grid stability and capacity. Furthermore, the legislation encourages partnerships between state agencies, private sector stakeholders, and local governments to foster a comprehensive and equitable charging network. The intent is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector and promote the adoption of electric vehicles, thereby contributing to Delaware’s climate goals. The act’s provisions reflect a proactive approach to energy transition and sustainable transportation within the state of Delaware, aligning with broader national efforts to decarbonize the economy.

The Delaware Coastal Zone Act (CZA), codified at 7 Del. C. § 7001 et seq., governs development within the state’s coastal zone. Section 7004(a) of the CZA establishes a prohibition on new heavy industrial or manufacturing facilities within the coastal zone. However, the CZA also provides for exceptions and variances. Specifically, 7 Del. C. § 7004(c) allows the Governor, upon recommendation of the Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board (CZICB), to grant exceptions to the prohibition for facilities that are deemed “necessary to meet the energy needs of the State or its citizens.” This exception process requires a rigorous demonstration of public benefit and a finding that the facility will not unduly harm the environment or the public’s health and welfare. The question hinges on understanding the statutory basis for such an exception and the specific criteria that must be met. The scenario describes a proposed facility that aims to enhance energy security and economic development, aligning with the general intent of the exception clause. The key is that the exception is not automatic but requires a formal recommendation and approval process based on specific statutory criteria. Therefore, the Governor’s approval, following the CZICB’s recommendation, is the critical step that validates the exception.

The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) has the authority to approve or reject proposed rate adjustments by electric utilities. When evaluating a request for a change in electricity rates, the PSC typically considers several factors, including the utility’s cost of service, the reasonableness of its operating expenses, the need for capital investment to ensure reliable service, and the impact of the proposed rates on consumers. Specifically, the PSC examines whether the proposed rates will allow the utility to earn a fair rate of return on its invested capital, as determined by a rate-of-return calculation that considers the cost of debt and equity. The PSC also reviews the prudence of the utility’s expenditures. If the PSC finds that the proposed rates are not justified by the utility’s costs or are otherwise not in the public interest, it can order modifications or deny the request entirely. The Delaware Electric Consumers Protection Act (DECP Act) provides a framework for these regulatory processes, emphasizing consumer protection and reliable service provision. The PSC’s decision-making process involves public hearings and consideration of testimony from various stakeholders, including consumer advocates. The PSC’s statutory mandate is to ensure that rates are just and reasonable.

The Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Investment Act, enacted in 2021, aims to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles by providing incentives for the development of charging infrastructure. This legislation is overseen by the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) and the Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC). The Act specifically addresses the role of utilities in this transition. Under Section 10 of the Act, electric utility companies are permitted to propose plans for the cost recovery of investments in electric vehicle charging infrastructure. These plans must be submitted to the PSC for approval. The PSC’s review process involves evaluating the reasonableness of the proposed investments, the expected benefits to ratepayers, and the overall impact on the state’s clean transportation goals. Importantly, the Act does not mandate utility ownership of all charging infrastructure but allows for various models, including partnerships and direct investment, subject to PSC oversight. The Act also establishes a framework for setting performance standards for charging stations funded through these utility programs. The key principle is that investments must be prudent and beneficial to the utility’s customers.

The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) has broad authority to regulate public utilities within the state, including those involved in the transmission and distribution of electricity. The Delaware Electric Utility Consumer Protection Act, codified in Title 26 of the Delaware Code, specifically outlines the PSC’s powers and responsibilities. Section 2603 grants the PSC the power to supervise and regulate every public utility, which includes setting rates, ensuring adequate service, and approving mergers and acquisitions. When a utility seeks to transfer or sell assets that would significantly alter its operational structure or customer base, PSC approval is generally required to safeguard the public interest. This approval process typically involves a thorough review of the transaction’s impact on rates, service quality, and competition. The PSC’s regulatory framework aims to ensure that utility services remain reliable, affordable, and accessible to Delaware consumers. Therefore, any transaction that would result in a substantial change in the ownership or control of a major electricity distribution utility in Delaware would necessitate PSC review and approval under its statutory mandate to protect consumer welfare and maintain the integrity of the state’s energy infrastructure.

The Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Improvement Act, enacted in 2023, aims to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles by providing grants and incentives for the development of charging infrastructure. This legislation specifically targets the expansion of public charging stations, particularly in underserved areas, and encourages the integration of renewable energy sources into the charging network. The Act establishes a dedicated fund, administered by the Delaware Energy Office, to support eligible projects. Eligibility criteria for grants include the applicant’s capacity to deploy and maintain charging stations, the proposed location’s accessibility and potential for utilization, and the project’s contribution to meeting statewide EV adoption goals. The legislation also mandates reporting requirements for grant recipients to track progress and impact. The core principle is to create a robust and equitable charging network that supports the transition to electric mobility, aligning with Delaware’s climate action goals.

The Delaware Coastal Zone Act (CZA), enacted in 1971 and significantly amended over time, establishes a comprehensive regulatory framework for development within Delaware’s coastal zone. A key aspect of the CZA is its prohibition on certain types of industrial facilities, particularly those deemed “heavy industrial” and those that could significantly impact the coastal environment. Specifically, the CZA, as interpreted and applied through various regulations and judicial decisions, restricts the construction of new oil refineries, heavy manufacturing plants, and bulk product terminals that handle oil or liquefied natural gas. The Act’s primary goal is to protect the state’s coastal resources, including beaches, wetlands, and marine life, from the environmental degradation associated with such facilities. While the CZA does not explicitly define every single type of prohibited facility, the intent and the categories of restricted activities are clear. Delaware’s approach prioritizes environmental protection and sustainable development over the potential economic benefits of certain heavy industrial uses. Amendments to the CZA have further refined these restrictions, often in response to specific development proposals or evolving environmental concerns. The regulatory process under the CZA involves a rigorous review by the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC), often requiring extensive environmental impact assessments and public hearings. The prohibition on new heavy industrial facilities, including the specific types mentioned, is a cornerstone of Delaware’s environmental policy for its coastal areas.

The Delaware Coastal Zone Act (CZA), codified at 7 Del. C. §§ 7001-7019, governs development within the state’s coastal zone to protect its natural resources and environmental quality. Section 7003 specifically prohibits certain heavy industrial uses, including oil refineries, basic steel manufacturing, and offshore bulk product transfer facilities, unless specifically permitted by the Governor and the Secretary of the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) after a public hearing and a finding that the proposed facility is consistent with the policies of the CZA. Furthermore, any facility that emits more than 2.5 tons per year of any pollutant regulated under the Clean Air Act is considered a “major facility” and is subject to stringent permitting requirements, including a demonstration that the facility is in the overriding public interest and that no less polluting alternative exists. The question describes a proposal for a new liquified natural gas (LNG) import terminal. LNG terminals, while not explicitly listed in the prohibited uses, can involve significant bulk product transfer and have the potential for substantial air emissions. Therefore, such a proposal would likely be evaluated under the permitting framework for major facilities, requiring a rigorous demonstration of public interest and environmental necessity, and would also need to comply with the general prohibitions and permitting requirements of the CZA regarding bulk product transfer and potential environmental impacts. The specific threshold for being considered a “major facility” is a critical detail in this evaluation.

The Delaware Coastal Zone Act (CZA), codified at 7 Del. C. §§ 7001-7015, governs development within the state’s coastal zone. A key aspect of the CZA is the requirement for permits for certain activities, particularly those involving industrial or commercial development that could impact the coastal environment. Section 7003 of the Act outlines the process for obtaining such permits, emphasizing the need for detailed applications and environmental impact assessments. The Act also establishes a specific regulatory body, the Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board (CZICB), which is responsible for reviewing and approving or denying permit applications. The CZICB’s decisions are guided by criteria set forth in the Act and its accompanying regulations, which aim to balance economic development with environmental protection. The question revolves around the statutory authority for denying a permit based on a failure to meet the substantive requirements of the CZA, which includes demonstrating that the proposed activity will not unreasonably endanger the environment or public health. This substantive review power is inherent in the CZICB’s mandate to administer the CZA.

The Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Recharging Act of 2021, specifically codified within Delaware Code Title 2, Chapter 23, Subchapter III, addresses the regulatory framework for electric vehicle charging infrastructure. A key aspect of this legislation is the establishment of standards and requirements for entities that own, operate, or maintain electric vehicle charging stations, particularly concerning consumer protection and fair access. The Act mandates that such entities must provide clear and conspicuous information regarding pricing, charging speeds, and any applicable fees to consumers before a charging session commences. Furthermore, it prohibits discriminatory practices in the provision of charging services and ensures interoperability where feasible. The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) is tasked with overseeing the implementation and enforcement of these provisions, including the promulgation of regulations to ensure compliance. When a complaint arises concerning a violation of these consumer protection mandates, such as misleading pricing information or unequal access, the PSC has the authority to investigate. The investigation process typically involves reviewing charging station records, consumer complaints, and potentially conducting site inspections. Based on the findings, the PSC can issue orders for compliance, impose penalties, or require restitution to affected consumers. The Act aims to foster consumer confidence and promote the widespread adoption of electric vehicles by creating a transparent and equitable charging environment.

The Delaware Electric Utility Restructuring Act of 1999, codified in Title 26 of the Delaware Code, established the framework for competitive electricity markets in Delaware. Section 1003(a)(2) of this Act mandates that electric utilities must offer to sell electricity at wholesale to all electric distribution companies and other entities that are eligible to purchase power at wholesale. This provision is crucial for fostering competition by ensuring that all market participants have access to wholesale power supply. The Act further directs the Public Service Commission of Delaware (PSCD) to implement regulations to facilitate this transition, including the development of market rules and the unbundling of services. The concept of “stranded costs” is also a significant component of the restructuring, allowing utilities to recover certain investments that may become uneconomical in a competitive market, as outlined in Section 1007. However, the core requirement for market access and the obligation to serve within the newly competitive framework are rooted in the provisions that facilitate wholesale transactions among all eligible entities, thereby promoting a more diverse and robust energy supply for Delaware consumers.

The Delaware Coastal Zone Act (CZA), enacted in 1971 and subsequently amended, is the primary legislation governing land use and development within Delaware’s coastal zone. Its overarching goal is to protect and preserve the state’s coastal environment, including its beaches, dunes, wetlands, and marine resources, from the adverse impacts of industrial and commercial development. The Act establishes a permitting process for certain activities within the coastal zone, requiring applicants to demonstrate that their proposed projects will not have significant adverse environmental impacts. Specifically, the CZA categorizes certain types of development as “new major facilities” or “other development” and outlines specific review processes and criteria for each. The Act also prohibits certain types of industrial development, such as heavy manufacturing and bulk product terminals, within designated areas of the coastal zone, reflecting a strong public policy to limit the concentration of such facilities. The Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) is the primary state agency responsible for administering and enforcing the CZA, including issuing permits, conducting compliance monitoring, and taking enforcement actions. The Act also provides for public participation in the permitting process through public hearings and comment periods. Understanding the specific prohibitions and the stringent review requirements for any development within Delaware’s coastal zone is crucial for any entity seeking to undertake projects in this sensitive region. The Act’s emphasis on environmental protection and its restrictive nature on certain industrial activities distinguish it as a significant piece of state-level environmental legislation.

The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) has oversight over the rates and services of public utilities, including electric distribution companies. Under Delaware law, specifically Title 26 of the Delaware Code, the PSC is tasked with ensuring that utility rates are just and reasonable and that services are adequate and reliable. When a utility proposes a rate increase, it must file an application with the PSC, which then initiates a formal rate case proceeding. This proceeding involves extensive discovery, expert testimony, and public hearings. The PSC’s decision-making process is guided by statutory standards and established case law, focusing on the utility’s cost of service, rate base, and authorized rate of return. The commission must balance the utility’s need to earn a fair return on its investments with the public’s interest in affordable and dependable service. The PSC’s authority to approve or deny rate increases is a core component of its regulatory mandate to protect consumers and ensure the financial viability of essential utility services within Delaware. The concept of “stranded costs” in the context of utility regulation refers to assets that a utility continues to pay for but can no longer recover through rates due to changes in market conditions or regulatory policy, such as deregulation or the transition to renewable energy sources. In Delaware, the recovery of such costs is a complex issue that requires specific legislative or regulatory authorization and is subject to PSC review to ensure reasonableness and prevent undue burden on ratepayers.

The Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Recharging Act of 2023 (16 Del. C. § 7401 et seq.) governs the installation and operation of electric vehicle charging stations in Delaware. Specifically, Section 7403 addresses the requirements for charging station providers to obtain necessary permits and approvals. This section mandates that providers must comply with all applicable state and local building codes, electrical codes, and zoning ordinances. Furthermore, it requires notification to the relevant utility company, in this case, Delmarva Power, prior to commencing any installation work that may impact the electrical grid. The Act aims to streamline the deployment of EV charging infrastructure while ensuring safety and grid reliability. Compliance with these permitting and notification requirements is crucial for any entity seeking to establish public EV charging facilities within the state of Delaware. The Act does not, however, mandate the establishment of specific charging speeds or require the use of particular charging connector types beyond those already covered by national safety standards. Its primary focus is on the regulatory framework for installation and operation.

The Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Act, enacted in 2021, aims to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles by promoting the development of a robust charging infrastructure. This legislation, alongside federal initiatives like the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) Formula Program, establishes frameworks for funding and deploying EV charging stations. A key aspect of these regulations involves the establishment of charging station corridors along major roadways, ensuring accessibility and convenience for EV drivers. The Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT) plays a significant role in identifying these corridors and overseeing the deployment process, often in collaboration with private entities. The Act also addresses issues such as charging speed standards, interoperability of charging equipment, and consumer protection measures related to pricing and service availability. Understanding the interplay between state legislation, federal funding, and private sector participation is crucial for comprehending the practical implementation of EV infrastructure development in Delaware. The focus is on creating a seamless charging experience that supports the transition to cleaner transportation.

The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) has broad authority to regulate public utilities within the state, including those involved in the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy. This authority is derived from Delaware statutes, primarily Title 26 of the Delaware Code. The PSC’s mandate includes ensuring that utility services are safe, reliable, and provided at reasonable rates. When considering new energy infrastructure projects or significant changes to existing ones, such as the construction of a new solar farm or the decommissioning of a power plant, the PSC’s approval is often a prerequisite. This approval process typically involves a formal application by the utility, which undergoes review for compliance with state laws, regulations, and policies, including environmental considerations and public interest. The PSC can impose conditions on approvals or deny applications if they are not in the public interest or violate established standards. Therefore, any entity seeking to develop or operate an energy facility in Delaware must engage with the PSC to secure necessary permits and approvals, demonstrating how the proposed project aligns with the state’s energy goals and regulatory framework. The Delaware Energy Office also plays a role in advising on energy policy and promoting clean energy, but the ultimate regulatory authority for utility operations rests with the PSC.

The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) has broad authority to regulate public utilities within the state, including the approval of wholesale energy supply contracts. Under Delaware law, specifically the Delaware Electric Utility Restructuring Act of 1999 (as amended), utilities seeking to enter into such agreements must demonstrate that the terms are in the public interest and provide for reliable and reasonably priced service. The PSC’s review process often involves evaluating the competitive nature of the procurement, the reasonableness of the price, the creditworthiness of the supplier, and the overall impact on customer rates. While the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) regulates wholesale electricity markets and interstate transmission, state-level commissions like Delaware’s retain jurisdiction over retail rates and the prudency of utility management decisions, including contract approvals. Therefore, a utility in Delaware would need PSC approval for a long-term wholesale power purchase agreement. The Delaware Energy Act of 2009 and subsequent amendments further refine the state’s energy policy, emphasizing reliability and affordability, which are key considerations for the PSC in contract reviews.

The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) has regulatory authority over public utilities, including electric, natural gas, and water companies operating within the state. The Delaware Energy Act of 2001, and subsequent amendments, established the framework for energy choice and restructuring in Delaware. Section 1003 of Title 26 of the Delaware Code outlines the PSC’s authority to set rates and charges for public utilities to ensure they are just and reasonable. When a utility proposes a rate increase, it must file an application with the PSC, which then initiates a formal proceeding. This proceeding typically involves public hearings, expert testimony from the utility and intervenors (such as consumer advocacy groups or large industrial users), and a thorough review of the utility’s cost of service, capital investments, and operating expenses. The PSC’s decision is based on whether the proposed rates will allow the utility to recover its prudently incurred costs and earn a fair rate of return, while also protecting the public interest by ensuring affordability and reliability of service. The concept of “prudency review” is central to this process, ensuring that the utility’s expenditures are reasonable and necessary for providing service. Delaware law, specifically Title 26, Chapter 10, empowers the PSC to conduct such reviews and make determinations on rate adjustments.

The Delaware Coastal Zone Act, enacted in 1971 and subsequently amended, establishes a comprehensive regulatory framework for development within Delaware’s coastal zone. Its primary objective is to protect and preserve the state’s coastal resources, including beaches, dunes, wetlands, and marine life, from the adverse impacts of industrial and commercial development. The Act designates specific areas within the coastal zone and categorizes them based on their environmental sensitivity and suitability for different types of development. Certain activities, particularly those involving heavy industrial uses like oil refineries, chemical plants, and offshore bulk product transfer facilities, are either prohibited or severely restricted in designated areas. The Act mandates a rigorous review process for proposed developments, requiring environmental impact statements, public hearings, and approval from the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). Amendments have aimed to strengthen protections, clarify definitions, and adapt to evolving environmental science and policy. For instance, amendments have addressed issues like stormwater management, beach nourishment, and the mitigation of impacts from renewable energy projects. The Act also provides for citizen suits, allowing individuals to bring legal action to enforce its provisions. The core principle is balancing economic development with the imperative of environmental stewardship for the long-term health of Delaware’s coast.

The Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Improvement Act (DEVIIA), enacted in 2023, established a framework for the deployment of electric vehicle charging infrastructure within the state. A key component of this legislation is the establishment of the Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Fund, which is administered by the Delaware Energy Office. This fund is designed to provide financial incentives and grants to support the installation of charging stations in various locations, including public areas, workplaces, and multi-unit dwellings. The Act specifically mandates that a portion of the fund be allocated to underserved communities to ensure equitable access to EV charging. Furthermore, the DEVIIA empowers the Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) to develop regulations regarding utility involvement in EV charging, including rate design and cost recovery mechanisms for utilities that invest in charging infrastructure. The Act also addresses interconnection standards for charging stations and promotes public education campaigns about EV adoption. The question tests the understanding of the specific legislative act that governs EV infrastructure in Delaware and its key provisions, such as the establishment of a dedicated fund, the role of the Energy Office and PSC, and the focus on equitable distribution of resources.

The Delaware Coastal Zone Act (CZA), codified at 7 Del. C. §§ 7001-7015, governs development within the state’s coastal zone. A key aspect of the CZA is the definition of “heavy industrial use,” which is restricted or prohibited in certain areas. Section 7003(a) of the CZA explicitly lists categories of industrial uses that are considered heavy industrial. These include, but are not limited to, oil refineries, petrochemical plants, and facilities for the manufacturing of plastics and synthetic materials, as well as certain types of chemical manufacturing. The Act aims to protect the state’s coastal environment from the impacts of such industries. Understanding these definitions is crucial for determining the permissibility of proposed developments under Delaware law. The Act also outlines a permitting process for activities within the coastal zone, requiring a determination of whether a proposed activity constitutes a prohibited heavy industrial use or a regulated use requiring a specific permit. The intent of the CZA is to preserve the environmental integrity and recreational and aesthetic qualities of the coastal zone.

The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) has the authority to regulate public utilities within the state, including electric generation facilities. The Delaware Energy Reorganization Act of 1999 (DERA) established the framework for electricity market restructuring. Section 4507 of Title 26 of the Delaware Code outlines the requirements for obtaining a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) for the construction or operation of an electric generating facility. This process involves demonstrating that the proposed facility is in the public interest, considering factors such as reliability, environmental impact, and economic benefits. The PSC’s review process for a CPCN application is a crucial step for any new energy project in Delaware. Other relevant statutes include the Delaware Environmental Protection Act and various federal regulations enforced by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). However, the direct authority for siting and approving the construction of new electric generating plants in Delaware primarily rests with the PSC under the framework established by DERA. While the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) plays a role in environmental permitting, and the Delaware Coastal Zone Act governs development in coastal areas, the fundamental approval for the public utility aspect of a generating facility’s operation and construction is through the CPCN process administered by the PSC. Therefore, the PSC’s jurisdiction under Title 26, Chapter 45, is the most direct and encompassing regulatory authority for this specific scenario.

The Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Investment Act (DEVIIA) aims to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles by supporting the build-out of charging infrastructure. This act, along with associated regulations from the Delaware Department of Energy & Climate (DEDC), outlines specific requirements for grant applications, project eligibility, and reporting. For a project to be considered eligible for DEVIIA funding, it must demonstrate a clear benefit to the public and contribute to the state’s greenhouse gas reduction targets. Key considerations include the location of charging stations (e.g., public access, underserved areas), the type of charging technology (e.g., Level 2, DC fast charging), and the applicant’s capacity to manage and maintain the infrastructure. The “cost-effectiveness” of a proposed project is evaluated not just on direct installation costs but also on projected usage, potential for grid integration, and alignment with statewide EV charging planning. Applicants must also demonstrate compliance with all relevant federal and state environmental regulations, building codes, and safety standards. The evaluation process often involves a scoring rubric that prioritizes projects with higher public accessibility, greater charging capacity, and stronger partnerships with local municipalities or businesses. The emphasis is on creating a robust and equitable charging network that supports the transition away from fossil fuel-powered transportation.

The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) has the authority to approve or disapprove proposed rate adjustments by regulated utilities. When a utility proposes a change in its energy rates, it must file a formal application with the PSC. This application is subject to a thorough review process, which often includes public hearings, expert testimony from the utility and intervenors (such as consumer advocacy groups or large industrial users), and detailed analysis of the utility’s cost of service, capital structure, and operational efficiency. The PSC’s decision is guided by statutory mandates, primarily the requirement to ensure that rates are just and reasonable, and that the utility earns a fair rate of return on its invested capital, sufficient to maintain its credit and attract new capital. This involves scrutinizing the utility’s proposed operating expenses, capital expenditures, and the overall impact on different customer classes. The PSC’s decision-making framework is rooted in ensuring that the public interest is served by maintaining reliable service at affordable rates, balancing the utility’s financial needs with consumer protection. The Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA) also influences ratemaking by encouraging cogeneration and small power production, though its direct impact on standard retail rate cases is often indirect, focusing more on wholesale power market structures. Delaware’s specific energy policies, such as those promoting renewable energy or energy efficiency, are also considered within the PSC’s ratemaking deliberations.

The Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Investment Act, enacted in 2021, aims to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles and the build-out of charging infrastructure within the state. A key component of this act is the establishment of the Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Fund. This fund is designed to provide financial incentives, grants, and rebates to support the development of public and private EV charging stations, particularly in underserved areas. The act also mandates the Delaware Department of Transportation and the Delaware Public Service Commission to collaborate on developing statewide EV charging strategies and setting standards for charging equipment and network interoperability. Furthermore, it addresses utility rate structures to accommodate EV charging and promotes consumer education. The question tests the understanding of the primary mechanisms and objectives of this specific Delaware legislation, focusing on its direct impact on EV infrastructure development and the entities responsible for its implementation. The correct option accurately reflects the core provisions and purpose of the Delaware Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Investment Act, emphasizing financial support for charging stations and the collaborative regulatory oversight.

The Delaware Coastal Zone Act (CZA), enacted in 1971 and subsequently amended, establishes a comprehensive regulatory framework for development within Delaware’s coastal zone. A key aspect of the CZA is its prohibition on certain heavy industrial activities, including oil refineries, and its requirement for a stringent review process for other developments to ensure they do not adversely impact the state’s coastal environment. The CZA grants the Secretary of the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) significant authority in permitting and enforcement. Specifically, Section 7207 of Title 7 of the Delaware Code outlines the powers and duties of the Secretary, including the authority to issue, deny, or revoke permits, and to establish rules and regulations to implement the CZA. The CZA’s enforcement provisions, found in Section 7209, allow for civil penalties for violations, with the Secretary empowered to assess these penalties. While the CZA focuses on preventing adverse environmental impacts from industrial and commercial activities, it does not directly regulate the wholesale pricing of electricity generated from renewable sources, which falls under the purview of other state and federal regulatory bodies. The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) is primarily responsible for regulating utility rates and services, including those related to electricity. Therefore, a proposal to establish a new solar farm in Delaware, while subject to CZA review for its siting and environmental impact, would not have its wholesale electricity pricing determined by the CZA itself, but rather by market mechanisms and PSC regulations.

The Delaware Coastal Zone Act, specifically 7 Del. C. § 7001 et seq., governs activities within the state’s coastal zone, which includes areas critical for energy infrastructure development and environmental protection. The Act’s primary objective is to protect and preserve the natural resources of the Delaware coastline. When considering the siting of new energy facilities, particularly those with potential environmental impacts, the Act mandates a rigorous review process. This process often involves evaluating the facility’s consistency with the comprehensive land use plan for the coastal zone and assessing its potential impact on marine and terrestrial ecosystems, water quality, and public access. The Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) is the primary agency responsible for administering and enforcing the Coastal Zone Act. Decisions regarding permits for such facilities are made by the Secretary of DNREC, often following public hearings and recommendations from advisory bodies. The Act also establishes criteria for determining whether a proposed facility is a “major facility” requiring a specific permit, considering factors such as the facility’s size, type, and potential environmental consequences. The regulatory framework prioritizes minimizing adverse environmental impacts and ensuring that development is compatible with the long-term ecological health and economic vitality of the coastal zone. The concept of “balancing” economic development with environmental preservation is central to the Act’s implementation, requiring a thorough analysis of both benefits and risks.

The Delaware Public Service Commission (PSC) has the authority to approve or reject rate increase proposals submitted by regulated utility companies. This authority is derived from the Delaware Electric Ratepayer Act and subsequent regulations. When a utility, such as Delmarva Power & Light, seeks to adjust its rates, it must file a formal application with the PSC. This application typically includes detailed financial data, cost analyses, and justifications for the proposed changes. The PSC then initiates a formal proceeding, which may involve public hearings, expert testimony from both the utility and consumer advocates, and independent analysis of the proposed rates. The PSC’s decision-making process is guided by principles of ensuring just and reasonable rates for consumers while allowing the utility to earn a fair rate of return on its investments, as mandated by law. The PSC evaluates whether the proposed rates are necessary to meet operational costs, fund necessary infrastructure upgrades, and maintain financial stability, all while considering the impact on ratepayers. The PSC’s final order is based on this comprehensive review and can include approving the proposed rates, denying them, or approving modified rates.

The Delaware Electric Vehicle Readiness Act, enacted in 2021, aims to promote the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by establishing a framework for charging infrastructure development and consumer incentives. A key component of this legislation is the establishment of the Delaware EV Charging Program, administered by the Delaware Department of Energy & Climate (DEC). This program is designed to facilitate the deployment of public and private EV charging stations across the state. The Act mandates that utilities develop EV readiness plans, which include strategies for grid modernization to accommodate increased EV charging loads. Furthermore, it authorizes the DEC to provide grants and rebates for the installation of Level 2 and DC fast chargers, prioritizing underserved communities and multi-unit dwellings. The Act also addresses interconnection standards for charging equipment and establishes consumer protection measures related to charging pricing and service availability. The specific percentage of renewable energy required for charging stations is not a direct mandate of the Act itself, but rather a goal that can be supported through the procurement of renewable energy credits by charging station operators or through broader state renewable energy policies that may influence the electricity supply to these stations. The Act focuses on infrastructure, incentives, and grid integration rather than dictating a specific renewable energy content for the electricity used by EVs at the point of charging.