The New Mexico Climate Change Act, specifically the Energy Transition Act (ETA), establishes a framework for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting renewable energy. A key component of the ETA involves the establishment of a Renewable Energy Standard (RES). The RES mandates that a certain percentage of electricity sold in New Mexico must come from renewable sources. The Act also outlines a phased approach to increasing this percentage over time. The specific target for 2030 is a significant increase from previous years, aiming for a substantial portion of the state’s energy to be derived from renewables. The calculation of the required renewable energy percentage for 2030 under the ETA involves understanding the progressive increase stipulated by the legislation. The Act sets a clear trajectory for this mandated percentage. For 2030, the Energy Transition Act mandates that at least 80% of the electricity sold in New Mexico must be generated from renewable energy sources. This represents a substantial increase from earlier targets and reflects the state’s commitment to decarbonization. The legislative intent is to drive investment in solar, wind, and other renewable technologies, while also phasing out coal-fired power generation. The Act also includes provisions for just transition for communities and workers impacted by the shift away from fossil fuels.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act, specifically referencing the Energy Transition Act (ETA) as amended, mandates the establishment of a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction target. The Act requires the state to achieve an 80% reduction in GHG emissions from 2005 levels by 2040. This is a foundational requirement for the state’s climate policy framework. The explanation of this question involves understanding the specific legislative mandate for emission reductions within New Mexico. The Energy Transition Act, a cornerstone of the state’s climate strategy, sets forth ambitious goals for mitigating the impacts of climate change. It is crucial to identify the precise percentage reduction and the target year as stipulated in the legislation. The act aims to transition New Mexico away from fossil fuel dependency while fostering economic development in renewable energy sectors. The 80% reduction by 2040 target is a key performance indicator for the state’s progress in meeting its climate commitments and aligns with broader national and international efforts to combat global warming. This target informs regulatory development, policy implementation, and investment strategies across various sectors within New Mexico.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act, specifically the Energy Transition Act (ETA), establishes a framework for the state’s transition away from fossil fuels and towards renewable energy sources. A key component of this act is the creation of the Green Zia New Mexico Fund, administered by the Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department (EMNRD). This fund is designed to support economic diversification and workforce development in communities historically reliant on the fossil fuel industry, as well as to invest in clean energy projects. The act mandates that EMNRD develop rules and guidelines for the administration and allocation of these funds. The specific provisions for the fund’s operation, including eligibility criteria for projects and recipients, reporting requirements, and the process for fund disbursement, are detailed within the administrative rules promulgated by EMNRD under the authority granted by the ETA. Therefore, understanding the specific administrative rules governing the Green Zia New Mexico Fund is crucial for comprehending the practical implementation of climate change mitigation and economic transition strategies in New Mexico. The law aims to ensure that the benefits of the clean energy transition are equitably distributed and that communities impacted by the decline of fossil fuel industries receive targeted support.

New Mexico’s approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation is largely guided by the Energy Transition Act (ETA), specifically its provisions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting renewable energy. The Act mandates a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector. The core of the state’s strategy involves transitioning away from coal-fired power plants, such as the San Juan Generating Station, and investing in renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. This transition is supported by various mechanisms, including ratepayer-funded programs for workforce development and economic assistance in affected communities. The Environmental Improvement Board (EIB) plays a crucial role in developing and adopting rules and standards to implement the state’s climate goals, including emission reduction targets. The ETA itself establishes a framework for achieving these reductions by setting specific percentage decreases in greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector by certain target years. For instance, the Act aims for an 80% reduction in emissions from the electricity sector by 2040 compared to 2005 levels, with a goal of achieving 100% clean energy by 2045. The legal basis for these mandates stems from the state’s inherent police power to protect public health and welfare, which includes addressing the adverse impacts of climate change. The regulatory framework under the ETA also incorporates provisions for the procurement of renewable energy credits and the development of distributed energy resources. The emphasis is on a just transition, ensuring that communities historically reliant on fossil fuel industries are not left behind. This multifaceted approach combines regulatory mandates with economic incentives and community support to achieve ambitious climate objectives.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act of 2021 establishes the framework for the state’s climate policy. Section 74-1-10 NMSA 1978 mandates the Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department (EMNRD) to develop and implement rules to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Specifically, the Act directs the EMNRD to consider various sectors, including transportation and energy production. The question probes the understanding of the EMNRD’s authority and the specific legislative directive regarding the development of emissions reduction strategies. The Act requires the EMNRD to propose rules that achieve a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 50% below 2005 levels by 2030 and 75% by 2040. The development of a comprehensive emissions inventory is a foundational step in this process, as it informs the identification of major sources and the prioritization of reduction strategies. The EMNRD’s role is to create these rules, which can include mandates for cleaner fuels, efficiency standards, and market-based mechanisms, all stemming from the statutory mandate to achieve specific reduction targets. The Act also emphasizes stakeholder engagement and scientific input in the rule-making process.

New Mexico’s approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation is multifaceted, involving legislative mandates, regulatory frameworks, and strategic planning. The Energy Transition Act (ETA), codified in the New Mexico Statutes Annotated (NMSA) § 62-13-1 et seq., is a cornerstone of the state’s policy, aiming to transition New Mexico to a clean energy economy. A critical component of this transition involves the retirement of coal-fired power plants and the development of renewable energy sources. The ETA establishes greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and mandates the Public Regulation Commission (PRC) to oversee the implementation of clean energy plans by regulated utilities. The PRC’s role includes approving utility-proposed integrated resource plans (IRPs) that demonstrate how utilities will meet future energy needs while adhering to emission reduction goals and promoting renewable energy deployment. The concept of “just transition” is also embedded within the ETA, recognizing the need to support communities and workers impacted by the shift away from fossil fuels. Furthermore, New Mexico has established agencies like the Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department (EMNRD) to develop and implement climate strategies, including those related to energy efficiency and renewable energy development. The state’s commitment to reducing emissions is also reflected in its participation in regional initiatives and its development of specific climate action plans.

New Mexico’s approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation is guided by several key legislative acts and executive orders. The Energy Transition Act (ETA), enacted in 2019, is a cornerstone, mandating a transition to carbon-free electricity by 2045 and phasing out coal-fired power plants. This act also establishes mechanisms for economic diversification in communities impacted by the energy transition. The New Mexico Climate Change Control Act (NMCCCA) of 2019, while not as prescriptive as the ETA, provides a framework for developing and implementing greenhouse gas reduction strategies across various sectors. The Governor’s Executive Order 2019-001 further reinforced these commitments by setting ambitious emissions reduction targets. When evaluating potential legal challenges or policy interpretations concerning emissions from industrial facilities, the interplay between these statutes and the specific regulations promulgated by agencies like the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) is crucial. NMED’s Air Quality Bureau, for instance, is responsible for developing and enforcing rules that align with state and federal air quality standards, which increasingly incorporate greenhouse gas considerations. A nuanced understanding of the legislative intent behind the ETA, particularly its provisions for a just transition and economic development, is essential for assessing compliance and identifying areas for further regulatory development. The NMCCCA’s emphasis on a comprehensive, economy-wide approach means that any proposed action must consider its broader impact on emissions across all sectors, not just energy production. The legal basis for enforcement and the specific authorities granted to state agencies under these laws are critical for understanding the practical application of New Mexico’s climate policy.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act, specifically the Energy Transition Act (ETA), mandates the retirement of coal-fired power plants. The ETA establishes a framework for a just transition for affected workers and communities. A key component of this transition involves the establishment of a Just Transition Fund. This fund is designed to provide financial assistance and support for retraining, economic diversification, and other measures to mitigate the negative impacts of coal plant closures on communities and individuals. The Act specifies that the Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM) is responsible for initiating the retirement of its coal-fired generation assets, such as the San Juan Generating Station. The process involves regulatory approval from the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission (PNM). The Act also outlines provisions for the recovery of prudently incurred costs associated with the retirement and transition, ensuring that PNM can recoup investments while also protecting ratepayers. The Just Transition Fund is a crucial element in addressing the social and economic consequences of this energy transition, reflecting a commitment to a balanced approach that considers both environmental goals and the well-being of affected populations. The establishment and administration of this fund are governed by specific provisions within the ETA and subsequent regulatory proceedings.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act of 2021, specifically \(NMSA 1978, Chapter 74, Article 16\), establishes the framework for addressing climate change within the state. A key component of this act is the development of a Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions reduction roadmap. The act mandates that the Environmental Improvement Board (EIB) adopt rules to achieve these reductions. The specific target is a 50% reduction in GHG emissions below 2005 levels by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2050. The act also emphasizes the importance of equity and justice in the transition to a low-carbon economy, requiring consideration of impacts on vulnerable communities. The authority to set specific emissions standards, reporting requirements, and mitigation strategies falls under the purview of the EIB, guided by the directives of the Climate Change Act. Therefore, the EIB’s role in adopting rules for GHG reduction is a direct consequence of the legislative mandate to implement the state’s climate goals.

New Mexico’s approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation is multifaceted, encompassing legislative mandates and agency rulemakings. The Energy Transition Act (ETA), codified in the New Mexico Statutes Annotated (NMSA) Chapter 6, Article 2, Sections 301-317, is a cornerstone legislation. It mandates a transition to 100% clean energy by 2045 for investor-owned utilities and sets aggressive renewable energy portfolio standards. The Act also establishes the Green Zia New Mexico Green Energy Fund to support clean energy projects and workforce development. Furthermore, the Environmental Improvement Board (EIB) under the New Mexico Environment Department has the authority to adopt rules and standards to protect the environment, including those related to greenhouse gas emissions. The New Mexico Climate Strategy, developed by the state government, outlines pathways for emissions reductions across various sectors. When considering the legal framework for implementing emissions reduction targets, the interplay between legislative intent, agency rulemaking authority, and the specific mechanisms for achieving these goals is crucial. The ETA provides the overarching legislative direction, while the EIB’s rulemaking powers enable the translation of these directives into enforceable standards. The question probes the understanding of which governmental body possesses the primary authority to promulgate specific, legally binding regulations that directly mandate greenhouse gas emission reductions for regulated entities within New Mexico, as envisioned by broader climate policy goals. This involves recognizing the distinct roles of the legislature in setting policy and agencies in implementing it through regulatory action.

New Mexico’s Energy Transition Act (ETA), codified in the New Mexico Statutes Annotated (NMSA) § 62-13-1 et seq., establishes a framework for the state’s transition to a clean energy economy. A key component of the ETA is the creation of the Renewable Energy Transmission Authority (RETA). RETA’s mandate, as outlined in NMSA § 62-13-4, includes facilitating the development of transmission infrastructure necessary to integrate renewable energy resources into the state’s grid. This involves identifying and planning for transmission projects that can carry renewable energy from resource-rich areas to load centers. The Act also addresses the economic impacts of transitioning away from fossil fuel generation, including provisions for worker retraining and community transition assistance, aiming to ensure a just transition. The specific question pertains to the jurisdictional authority of RETA concerning the siting and permitting of transmission lines. While the ETA grants RETA significant planning and development powers, the actual siting and permitting of major transmission facilities in New Mexico are primarily governed by the Public Regulation Commission (PRC) under the New Mexico Public Utility Act and related environmental and land use laws. RETA’s role is more in the strategic planning, identifying needs, and potentially facilitating financing or joint development, rather than being the ultimate permitting authority for the physical construction of transmission lines. Therefore, RETA’s authority is more advisory and facilitative in the siting and permitting process, requiring collaboration and adherence to existing regulatory frameworks overseen by the PRC.

The New Mexico Environmental Improvement Board (EIB) has the authority to adopt and amend rules and regulations to protect the environment of the state, including those related to air quality and greenhouse gas emissions. The Energy Transition Act (ETA), codified in the New Mexico Statutes Annotated (NMSA) § 62-13-1 et seq., mandates significant decarbonization of the state’s electricity sector. A key component of this is the phasing out of coal-fired power plants and the transition to renewable energy sources. The ETA requires the EIB to adopt rules to achieve the greenhouse gas reduction targets. Specifically, the ETA directs the Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department (EMNRD) to develop a plan for the just transition of workers and communities impacted by the closure of coal mines and power plants. The EIB’s rulemaking authority under the Environmental Improvement Act (NMSA § 74-1-1 et seq.) is the mechanism through which it can implement policies to meet the ETA’s objectives, including establishing emission standards and potentially carbon pricing mechanisms or clean energy portfolio standards, all within the framework of state and federal environmental law. The EIB’s role is to translate legislative mandates like the ETA into enforceable regulatory standards.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act, specifically referencing the Energy Transition Act (ETA), establishes a framework for transitioning the state’s energy sector. Section 62-16-4 of the New Mexico Statutes Annotated (NMSA) mandates the establishment of the Green Zia Program. This program is designed to provide financial assistance and incentives for renewable energy projects and energy efficiency initiatives. The Act also outlines the role of the Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department (EMNRD) in developing and implementing climate change mitigation strategies. The question probes the specific mechanism within the Act for incentivizing the adoption of renewable energy technologies, which is directly tied to the Green Zia Program. This program is a key component of New Mexico’s legislative response to climate change, aiming to foster economic development through clean energy while addressing environmental concerns. The Green Zia Program is not merely a regulatory body but a direct financial mechanism for promoting the transition away from fossil fuels, as envisioned by the broader climate change legislation.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act, specifically the Energy Transition Act (ETA), mandates a transition away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energy sources. A key component of this transition involves the establishment of a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Fund. This fund is designed to support initiatives that mitigate climate change impacts and promote economic diversification in communities historically reliant on fossil fuel industries. The Act outlines specific mechanisms for funding these initiatives, including appropriations from the state general fund and other designated revenue streams. While the Act provides a framework for addressing climate change, the precise allocation and management of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Fund are subject to legislative appropriations and the rules promulgated by relevant state agencies, such as the Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department. The question probes the legal basis and purpose of this fund within the context of New Mexico’s climate policy, emphasizing the legislative intent to foster a just transition. The Act itself does not stipulate a fixed percentage of state revenue for the fund but rather establishes its purpose and the potential sources of its capitalization, leaving the specific funding levels to annual budgetary processes and legislative decisions. Therefore, the most accurate description of the fund’s establishment within the Act is its designation as a dedicated fund for climate mitigation and economic transition initiatives, capitalized through legislative appropriations.

New Mexico’s Energy Transition Act (ETA), codified in NMSA § 62-16-1 et seq., mandates a transition to 100% carbon-free electricity by 2045. A key component of this legislation is the establishment of a Just Transition Fund, designed to provide economic and social support for communities and workers impacted by the closure of coal-fired power plants and mines. The Act specifically outlines the allocation and use of these funds, prioritizing workforce retraining, economic diversification, and community development in affected areas. While the ETA sets the overarching goal and framework, the specific implementation details, including the distribution of funds and the types of projects eligible for support, are often further defined by regulations promulgated by the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission (PNM) and other relevant state agencies. The Act’s provisions are intended to balance the state’s climate goals with the economic realities of its energy sector, ensuring that the transition is managed in a manner that minimizes adverse social and economic consequences. The concept of “just transition” is central to the ETA, reflecting a broader national and international understanding of the need to address the human dimension of climate action and energy policy shifts.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act, specifically the Energy Transition Act (ETA), establishes a framework for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to a clean energy economy. A key component of this act is the creation of the Green Zia Program, which is designed to provide financial assistance and support for renewable energy projects and energy efficiency initiatives. The ETA mandates that the state’s electric utilities retire coal-fired generation by specific dates and increase their renewable energy portfolio standards. The Green Zia Program, administered by the Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department, is funded through a combination of sources, including a surcharge on electricity bills. This program is crucial for achieving the state’s ambitious emissions reduction targets and fostering economic development in the clean energy sector. The act also addresses the economic impacts of the transition, particularly for communities historically reliant on fossil fuel industries, by promoting workforce retraining and economic diversification. The concept of a “just transition” is embedded within the ETA, aiming to ensure that the benefits of the clean energy economy are shared broadly and that vulnerable communities are not disproportionately burdened by the energy transition. The program’s success is measured by its ability to facilitate the deployment of renewable energy, improve energy efficiency, create jobs, and contribute to the state’s overall climate goals. The legislative intent is to create a sustainable energy future for New Mexico that balances environmental protection with economic prosperity.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act of 2019, specifically codified in the New Mexico Environmental Improvement Act, mandates the establishment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. The Act requires the Environmental Improvement Board to adopt rules to achieve these targets. A key aspect of this is the development of a Climate Strategy, which must include strategies for reducing emissions from various sectors. While the Act sets ambitious economy-wide targets, the specific mechanisms for achieving these reductions are developed through regulatory processes. The Act emphasizes a science-based approach and consideration of economic impacts. The question probes the foundational legal authority for implementing climate change mitigation strategies in New Mexico, which stems directly from the legislative mandate to create and implement a comprehensive climate strategy. The authority to set specific sector-based emission reduction requirements or implement market-based mechanisms is derived from this overarching legislative directive. The Act’s focus is on a comprehensive strategy, implying a broad scope of regulatory action.

New Mexico’s approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation is primarily guided by the Energy Transition Act (ETA), specifically its provisions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fostering renewable energy development. The ETA mandates significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the state’s electricity sector, aiming for a 100% clean electricity supply by 2045. This transition involves phasing out coal-fired power plants and investing in renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, as well as energy storage. The law also establishes mechanisms for supporting workers and communities affected by the transition away from fossil fuels, such as the Just Transition Fund. Furthermore, the ETA empowers the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission (PNM) to approve utility plans that align with these emission reduction goals and renewable energy targets. The state’s climate strategy also incorporates broader initiatives under the Environmental Improvement Act and various agency rules that address air quality, water resources, and land use in the context of climate change. The question probes the foundational legal framework for New Mexico’s climate policy, highlighting the ETA’s central role in shaping the state’s energy future and emission reduction strategies.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act of 2019, specifically through its mandates for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and the establishment of the Climate Change Advisory Committee, sets a framework for state-level climate action. The Act requires the state to reduce GHG emissions by 40% below 2005 levels by 2030 and by 50% below 2005 levels by 2050. While the Act itself does not directly impose specific emissions limits on individual industrial facilities, it establishes the policy direction and the need for regulatory mechanisms to achieve these targets. The Environmental Improvement Board (EIB) is empowered to adopt rules to implement the Act. These rules could include emissions standards, permitting requirements, or market-based mechanisms. Therefore, any proposed rule by the EIB to regulate emissions from a hypothetical new methane-intensive agricultural operation in New Mexico, aimed at meeting the state’s overall reduction goals, would be a direct implementation of the statutory mandate. This involves considering the specific GHG emissions profile of such an operation and how its contribution fits into the state’s broader emissions inventory and reduction strategy. The Act emphasizes a science-based approach to setting targets and developing strategies, necessitating consideration of the most significant sources of emissions and the most effective mitigation measures.

New Mexico’s approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation is largely guided by the Energy Transition Act (ETA), specifically its provisions concerning the phase-out of coal-fired power plants and the transition to renewable energy sources. The ETA mandates significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and promotes investment in clean energy technologies. When considering the legal framework for addressing climate change in New Mexico, particularly concerning the transition from fossil fuels, the legal standing and procedural rights of affected communities and stakeholders are paramount. The Act’s implementation involves complex regulatory processes, including those overseen by the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission (PNM’s regulator) and potentially the Environmental Improvement Board. Legal challenges often arise regarding the adequacy of environmental reviews, the fairness of the transition for workers and communities historically reliant on fossil fuel industries, and the efficacy of the renewable energy portfolio standards. The question probes the understanding of how these legal and regulatory mechanisms interact to facilitate or impede climate action, focusing on the procedural avenues available to challenge or support such transitions within the established legal structures of New Mexico. The correct answer reflects the primary avenues for legal contestation and oversight within the state’s administrative and judicial systems concerning energy transition policies.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act, specifically referencing the Energy Transition Act (ETA) and its mandates for greenhouse gas emission reductions from the electricity sector, establishes a framework for transitioning away from coal-fired power generation. The Act requires investor-owned utilities to reduce emissions from their electricity generation by 40% below 2005 levels by 2025 and 50% by 2030, with a long-term goal of 100% carbon-free electricity by 2045. The question probes the legal mechanism by which a utility demonstrates compliance with these emission reduction targets, particularly concerning the retirement of a coal-fired power plant. The Energy Transition Act mandates that utilities file “least-cost, least-emissions” energy plans with the Public Regulation Commission (PRC). These plans are the formal legal instruments through which utilities propose their strategies for meeting state-mandated emission reductions and electricity supply needs. Within these plans, utilities detail investments in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and the retirement of fossil fuel facilities, like the San Juan Generating Station. The PRC then reviews and approves these plans, ensuring they align with the Act’s objectives. Therefore, the formal filing and approval of these least-cost, least-emissions energy plans represent the primary legal pathway for a utility to demonstrate its commitment to and progress towards achieving the emission reduction targets set forth by New Mexico’s climate change legislation, including the retirement of specific generation assets. This process ensures regulatory oversight and public accountability for the utility’s decarbonization efforts.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act, specifically the Energy Transition Act (ETA), establishes a framework for transitioning the state’s energy sector. The Act mandates a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and sets targets for renewable energy. A key component of the ETA is the establishment of the Green Zia New Mexico Green Hydrogen Fund, which aims to support the development of green hydrogen projects. Section 3-28-12 of the Act outlines the purposes of this fund, which include providing financial assistance for research, development, demonstration, and deployment of green hydrogen technologies, as well as supporting workforce training and economic development related to this sector. The fund is administered by the Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department. Therefore, the primary purpose of the Green Zia New Mexico Green Hydrogen Fund, as defined by the Energy Transition Act, is to foster the growth of the green hydrogen industry in New Mexico through various forms of financial and developmental support.

The New Mexico Climate Change Control Act, specifically the provisions related to the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Reduction Program, mandates a phased approach to reducing emissions. For covered entities, the initial phase, as outlined in the New Mexico Administrative Code (NMAC) 20.2.100, requires the submission of a baseline emissions inventory and a plan for achieving a 12% reduction from that baseline by 2030. The Act’s framework emphasizes a science-based approach, aligning with established climate science and international best practices. The state’s approach is designed to be adaptive, allowing for adjustments based on evolving scientific understanding and technological advancements. This means that while a specific target is set for 2030, the overall regulatory structure anticipates future revisions and more stringent goals. The Act also incorporates provisions for public participation and stakeholder engagement throughout the development and implementation of emission reduction strategies, ensuring transparency and broader acceptance of the regulatory framework. The focus is on establishing a pathway for significant, measurable, and verifiable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions across key sectors of the state’s economy.

New Mexico’s approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation is largely guided by the Energy Transition Act (ETA), specifically its provisions concerning the transition away from fossil fuel reliance and the promotion of renewable energy sources. The ETA mandates a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector. While the Act itself does not explicitly establish a carbon tax, it empowers the state to implement market-based mechanisms and regulatory frameworks that can achieve emission reductions. The Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department (EMNRD) plays a crucial role in developing and implementing policies under the ETA. The Public Regulation Commission (PRC) oversees utility regulation and has the authority to approve or deny utility plans for achieving emission reduction targets, including the adoption of new energy sources and technologies. The question probes the understanding of how New Mexico legally addresses climate change, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms and legislative frameworks in place. The ETA is the cornerstone legislation, and its implementation involves the interplay between EMNRD and the PRC. The concept of a statewide cap-and-trade system or a direct carbon tax, while potential future policy tools, are not the primary, legislatively mandated mechanisms currently in place under the ETA for achieving its core climate goals, which are focused on utility decarbonization and renewable energy deployment. Therefore, understanding the specific mandates and authorities granted by the ETA is key to answering this question correctly.

New Mexico’s approach to addressing climate change, particularly through its Energy Transition Act (ETA), aims to facilitate a shift away from fossil fuel reliance while ensuring economic stability and environmental protection. The ETA, enacted in 2019, establishes a framework for the retirement of coal-fired power plants and mandates increasing levels of renewable energy generation. A key component of this legislation is the establishment of the Renewable Energy Transmission Authority (RETA) and the creation of mechanisms to manage the economic impacts on communities historically dependent on fossil fuel industries. The Act also empowers the Public Regulation Commission (PRC) to oversee utility compliance and approve plans for the transition. When considering the legal underpinnings of such a transition, it is crucial to understand how existing regulatory structures are adapted or how new ones are created to manage the complex interplay of energy policy, economic development, and environmental justice. The question probes the specific legal authority that governs the implementation and oversight of renewable energy mandates within New Mexico, distinguishing it from broader environmental regulations or general economic development initiatives. The Energy Transition Act itself provides the direct statutory authority for the state’s renewable energy targets and the associated regulatory oversight.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act, specifically the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Act (NMSA 2003, § 74-2-1 et seq.), establishes a framework for regulating greenhouse gas emissions. A key component of this act involves the development of a statewide greenhouse gas emissions inventory and the setting of reduction targets. The act mandates that the Environmental Improvement Board (EIB) adopt rules to implement these provisions. The EIB is responsible for developing a comprehensive plan to achieve the mandated reductions. This plan must consider various strategies, including market-based mechanisms, technological advancements, and energy efficiency measures. The act also emphasizes the importance of public participation in the rulemaking process and requires coordination with other state agencies. The EIB’s authority extends to setting sector-specific emission limits and establishing compliance mechanisms. The development of a statewide climate strategy, as outlined in the Act, is a proactive measure to address the impacts of climate change within New Mexico, focusing on reducing the state’s carbon footprint and promoting sustainable practices.

New Mexico’s approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation is primarily guided by the Energy Transition Act (ETA), codified in the New Mexico Statutes Annotated (NMSA) § 62-13-1 et seq. The ETA mandates a transition away from fossil fuel-based energy generation towards renewable energy sources. A key component of this transition involves the establishment of a Renewable Energy Transmission Authority (RETA). RETA’s primary function is to facilitate the development and expansion of transmission infrastructure necessary to integrate renewable energy sources into the state’s grid. This includes planning, financing, constructing, and operating transmission lines and related facilities. The Act also sets forth specific decarbonization targets, aiming for a 100% clean energy grid by 2045. Furthermore, the ETA establishes a framework for utility regulation to support this transition, including provisions for cost recovery for investments in renewable energy and grid modernization. The law emphasizes the importance of ensuring grid reliability and affordability during this transition. The concept of a “just transition” is also embedded within the ETA, aiming to support communities and workers affected by the shift away from fossil fuels. Therefore, understanding the statutory authority and operational mandate of RETA is crucial for comprehending New Mexico’s legal framework for climate action.

New Mexico’s Climate Change Accountability Act (CCAA), enacted in 2019, established the Energy Transition Act (ETA) as a key component. The ETA, codified in NMSA 1978, § 62-13-1 et seq., mandates significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the state’s energy sector. Specifically, it requires investor-owned utilities to achieve a 40% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from their 2005 levels by 2030, and an 80% reduction by 2040. Furthermore, the act mandates a complete phase-out of coal-fired electricity generation by 2045. The CCAA also created the Climate Change Bureau within the Environment Department to oversee the implementation of these and other climate-related policies. The concept of a “just transition” is central to the CCAA, aiming to support communities and workers affected by the shift away from fossil fuels. This involves provisions for retraining, economic diversification, and financial assistance. The law also emphasizes the development of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency programs as primary strategies for achieving emission reduction targets. The framework set by the CCAA and ETA is designed to align New Mexico’s energy policy with broader climate goals while addressing the socioeconomic impacts of this transition.

The New Mexico Climate Change Act, specifically the provisions related to the Energy Transition Act (ETA), mandates the retirement of coal-fired power plants. The Act sets a clear timeline for this transition. The ETA requires Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM) to retire its share of the San Juan Generating Station by December 31, 2022, and its interest in the Four Corners Power Plant by December 31, 2024. This phased retirement is a core component of New Mexico’s strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector and transition to cleaner energy sources. The legislation also includes provisions for workforce transition and economic development in communities impacted by these plant retirements, aiming for a just transition. Understanding these specific dates and the underlying legislative intent is crucial for comprehending the practical implementation of New Mexico’s climate policy in the energy sector. The Act’s framework is designed to ensure that the state meets its emission reduction targets while also addressing the social and economic consequences of decarbonization.

New Mexico’s approach to climate change mitigation, particularly concerning greenhouse gas emissions from the oil and gas sector, is guided by several legislative and regulatory frameworks. The Energy Transition Act (ETA), enacted in 2019, is a landmark piece of legislation that sets ambitious renewable energy standards and aims to transition the state’s economy away from fossil fuels. It mandates a significant increase in renewable energy generation for investor-owned utilities, with a goal of 100% clean energy by 2045. Crucially, the ETA also establishes mechanisms for managing the economic impacts of this transition on communities historically dependent on fossil fuel extraction. The Oil Conservation Division (OCD) of the New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department plays a vital role in regulating oil and gas operations, including methane emissions. While the ETA sets broad goals, specific regulations for methane abatement are developed and enforced by the OCD, often in response to federal guidelines and state-specific needs. The Environmental Improvement Board (EIB) also has authority to adopt air quality regulations, which can include greenhouse gas emissions standards. Considering these components, the most direct and comprehensive state-level action to address greenhouse gas emissions from the oil and gas sector, while also managing the broader energy transition, falls under the purview of the Energy Transition Act, which empowers regulatory bodies to implement specific rules. The question probes the foundational legislative act that underpins these efforts.