Lucy v. Zehmer [1954]
196 Va. 493 (1954) · Supreme Court of Virginia · Virginia, United States
Issue
Does objective manifestation of assent control over undisclosed intent?
Held
Yes. The written agreement was enforceable.
Exam use
Review the ratio and reasoning before applying this case in problem questions.
Summary
Leading objective theory of contracts case.
Facts
Issue
Does objective manifestation of assent control over undisclosed intent?
Held
Yes. The written agreement was enforceable.
Ratio Decidendi
Contract assent is measured objectively by outward expression.
Reasoning
Essay-Ready Explanation Generator
Version 1 of 4
Reference to Lucy v. Zehmer (196 Va. 493 (1954)) strengthens a contract law answer because the case reflects the principle that Contract assent is measured objectively by outward expression. Applied to a problem question, the case should be used after identifying the issue as Does objective manifestation of assent control over undisclosed intent? The stronger essay move is to connect the material facts to the court's holding, then explain whether the present facts support the same conclusion or justify distinguishing the authority.
Significance
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Exam Tips
Revision Checklist
- Name the issue before discussing facts so the marker sees the legal question immediately.
- State the holding in one sentence, then use the ratio to explain why the court reached that result.
- Use the citation and jurisdiction to show why this authority matters for the problem you are answering.
- Pair this case with one supporting or contrasting authority if the question tests limits, policy, or exceptions.